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Isle of Wight

The county of Isle of Wight is located on England's second-largest and most populous island. It sits in the middle of the English Channel, roughly two to five miles from the coast of Hampshire, which it is separated from by the Solent. Vacation resorts on the Isle of Wight, affectionately known as "The Island" by locals, have been drawing tourists since the Victorian era. It has a pleasant climate year-round, beautiful ocean views, and a lush environment of farmland, downland, and chines. The island has been a part of Hampshire for a long time, and it is now a protected biosphere according to UNESCO.

Alfred, Lord Tennyson and Algernon Charles Swinburne all called the island home at one point. On the Isle, near East Cowes, is Osborne House, the summer residence and final home of Queen Victoria. Historically, it has been a center for the production of ships, sails, airships, hovercraft, and even Britain's space rockets. Each year, the island hosts the Isle of Wight Festival, which in 1970 was the largest rock music event ever staged. There are many dinosaur fossils in its well-preserved cliffs and quarries, making it one of Europe's top tourist destinations.

Since ancient times, the island has been on the front lines of conflict, including the Spanish Armada and the Battle of Britain, where it played a crucial role in protecting the ports of Southampton and Portsmouth. Despite being rural for the majority of its existence, significant urban development occurred in the late 19th and early 20th centuries due to the area's growing popularity as a Victorian fashion destination and the increasing accessibility of vacations during that time.

In 1890, the island was officially separated from Hampshire and made into its own county. Prior to 1974, it was still part of Hampshire and shared a Lord Lieutenant with that county. Although the Isle's Anglican churches are part of the Diocese of Portsmouth, the Isle no longer has any administrative ties to Hampshire (originally Winchester). While a single local government covering both Portsmouth and Southampton was considered, this seems unlikely to happen any time soon.

From Ryde to Southsea, the Hovertravel (hovercraft) is the quickest public transportation link to the mainland. Wightlink, the island's major ferry operator, and Red Funnel, the island's second largest ferry operator, each provide three car ferries and two catamaran services over the Solent to Southampton, Lymington, and Portsmouth.

Geography

Isle of Wight is a small island in the middle of the English Channel and the Solent. Its shape is roughly rhomboid, and it has a total area of around 150 square miles (380 km2). A little over half of the island, primarily in the western side, is protected as part of the Isle of Wight Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The island contains 57 miles (92 kilometers) of coastline, 20 square miles (52 square kilometers) of built regions, and 100 square miles (258 square kilometers) of farmland. It has been called "England in miniature" due to the variety of scenery found there. Recognizing the island's citizens' commitment to maintaining healthy ecosystems, UNESCO named the entire island a Biosphere Reserve in June 2019.

The western part of the Isle of Wight is primarily rural, with stunning beaches dominated by the chalk downland ridge, which spans the entire island and terminates at the Needles. Southwest Quarter, often known as Back of the Wight, is an interesting neighborhood. In the southeast, you'll find St. Boniface Down, the island's highest peak at 241 meters (791 feet). On the rest of the island, soft cliffs and sea ledges stand out as the most striking habitats due to their beauty, ecological significance, and international protection.

In total, there are three major rivers on the island. All three rivers empty into the Solent; the Medina heads north, the Eastern Yar heads roughly northeast to Bembridge Harbour, and the Western Yar runs the short distance from Freshwater Bay to a sizable estuary at Yarmouth. The island's western end, where a bank of pebbles separates Freshwater Bay from the marshy backwaters of the Western Yar east of Freshwater, and its eastern end, where a thin strip of land separates Sandown Bay from the marshy Eastern Yar basin, might have been split into three by the sea if it weren't for human intervention.

The Undercliff, which stretches from St. Catherine's Point to Bonchurch, is western Europe's greatest area of landslip morphology.

In contrast to the rest of the coast, the north has four high tides daily, with a double high tide occurring every twelve and a half hours. This occurs because the western Solent is narrower than the eastern; the first tide flows in from the west and begins to ebb before the greater flow across the south of the island returns through the eastern Solent, causing a second high water.

Economy

Although tourism is the island's primary source of revenue, the island's long history of farming—particularly sheep, dairy, and arable crops—makes it a significant agricultural center as well. Transit costs make it harder to sell traditional agricultural goods off the island, but local farmers have found success in penetrating some niche markets, with the higher price of these products more than compensating for the added expense of transport. Growing food inside, especially salad vegetables like tomatoes and cucumbers, is currently one of the most prosperous agricultural industries. The island enjoys a longer growing season and a warmer environment than the rest of the United Kingdom. For decades, Newchurch has been able to supply France with garlic from their farms. This has resulted in the creation of one of Newchurch's biggest events of the year: the Garlic Festival. Two vineyards thrive in the area due to the ideal climate, including the historic Adgestone Vineyard. Essential oil extracted from lavender flowers is highly sought after. Due to low milk prices and severe legislation for UK milk farmers, the dairy business has been in decline: there were approximately 150 producers in the mid-1980s, but there are only 24 left now.

The island has long been linked to the maritime industry, particularly the production of sailcloth and boat building, however these activities have decreased in recent years. Formerly known as Westland Aircraft's British Hovercraft Corporation subsidiary, GKN now runs the company, despite having downsized its personnel and sold the main facility. Saunders-Roe, a privately held corporation, was once located here and is remembered as one of the island's pioneering businesses; it was responsible for creating a number of significant watercraft, including the first hovercraft. 

Composite materials are produced for use in the boating industry and by Vestas, a wind turbine manufacturer with a production and testing facilities near West Medina Mills and East Cowes.

At Bembridge Airfield, you'll find Britten-Norman, maker of the Islander and Trislander. The Cirrus light-aircraft European assembly line will soon be located here. Sandown is home to a small aircraft factory called the Norman Aeroplane Company. Three additional companies have produced aircraft on the island.

After beginning oil exploration drilling at the Sandhills-2 borehole near Porchfield in 2005, Northern Petroleum halted operations in October of that year, having discovered no commercially viable reserves. Three breweries can be found on the island. In 1993, Goddards Brewery first launched in Ryde. The Island Brewery's former head brewer, David Yates, opened Yates Brewery in the Inn at St. Lawrence in 2000. After operating in Ventnor since the 1840s, Burt's Brewery finally shut down in 2009, leaving the town without a brewery. Until the 1960s, most pubs were owned by Mews Brewery, which was based in Newport near the old railway station; once it folded, Strong's and eventually Whitbread took over the pubs. Reports indicate that Mews beer often seemed murky and black. They were the first to sell their products in screw top cans to British India in the nineteenth century.

Because of its historic significance, the island's tourism industry has thrived for decades. The classic British coastal holiday fell out of favor in the second part of the 20th century as more affordable vacations abroad became more popular. In response, more people are opting for vacations that focus on natural heritage, such as animals and geology. Still, coach trips from the rest of the United Kingdom often visit the island.

England, UK Description

England is the UK's largest constituent unit, occupying more than half of the island. Despite its political, economic, and cultural legacy, England is no longer a governmental or political unit. 

With its rich soil and crisscrossing network of rivers and streams, England has been and remains a thriving agricultural economy. England became the epicenter of the global Industrial Revolution in the early 1800s, quickly rising to the top of the global industrialization rankings. Manufacturing industries in Manchester, Birmingham, and Liverpool turned raw materials into finished goods for export. London, the country's capital, became one of the world's most important cities, a hub for a global political economy. The London metropolitan area continues to be Europe's financial center and a hotbed of innovation, particularly in the fields of popular culture.

At the same time, the UK is a place with a very developed tourism industry. The culture and scenery of the UK attract a lot of tourists to come for vacation all year round. If you also want to travel to the UK or have been there and want to leave some traces of your visit, you can try to customize Custom Keyrings with a UK theme, such as the British flag, Buckingham Palace, etc.  Customized keychains can be carried with you and retain beautiful travel memories.

One of the most fundamental features of the English language is its diversity within a limited compass. Even England's most remote regions are accessible by car or train within a day's drive or train ride of London. Many English people identify with the regions or shires from which they are descended—for example, Yorkshire, the West Country, or the Midlands—and maintain strong ties to those regions even if they live in other parts of the country. Some differences exist, but many more, especially as England transitioned from a rural to an urban society, began to fade after 1945. The country's island location has shaped the English character, which values social harmony, social harmony, and good manners that ensure orderly relations in a densely populated landscape, among other characteristics.

During the dismantling of Britain's vast overseas empire in the mid-20th century, England suffered an identity crisis, and much attention has been paid to discussions of "Englishness"—that is, what it means to be English in a country that now has large immigrant populations from many former colonies and is far more cosmopolitan than insular. Although influenced by other cultures, English culture is distinct and difficult to define. The Lion and the Unicorn by George Orwell, a self-described "revolutionary patriot" who chronicled politics and society in the 1930s and 1940s, makes this observation. 

Geographical Description of England

Except for Yorkshire and Nottinghamshire in the east, England's topography is low-lying but rarely flat. The area has many rolling hillsides, with the highest elevations in the north, north-west, and southwest. Intricate underlying structures have resulted in intricate patterns in the landscape. The oldest sedimentary rocks and some igneous rocks (found in isolated granite hills) are found in Cornwall and Devon, while the most recent alluvial soils are found in the Fens of Cambridgeshire, Lincolnshire, and Norfolk. Both the sandstone and limestone bands that separate these two regions date from prehistoric times when large sections of central and southern England were submerged under warm seas. Geological forces lifted and folded some of these rocks, forming northern England's spine. Scafell Pike, England's highest point, stands at 3,210 feet (978 metres) and is part of the world's highest mountain range. The northern mountains are mostly slate, while the southern mountains are mostly lava flows. Mountain ranges have developed from the North Downs at 965 feet (294 meters) to the Cotswolds at 1,083 feet (330 meters).

The Chiltern Hills, North Yorkshire Moors, Yorkshire and Lincolnshire Wolds, and Yorkshire and Lincolnshire Wolds were rounded into distinctive plateaus with west-facing escarpments during the Pleistocene Epoch (about 2,600,000 to 11,700 years ago). A land bridge connecting Britain to the rest of Europe was engulfed as the last glacial sheet melted. The retreating glaciers left behind gravel, sand, and glacial mud, further altering the land surface. Rain, rivers, and tides, as well as subsidence, have shaped the hills and coastline of eastern England. Limestone, gritstone, and carboniferous strata plateaus are associated with major coalfields, some visible as surface outcrops.

A great example of England's geologic complexity is its cliff structure. The chalk cliffs of Dover are made up of a series of sedimentary rocks of varying ages that start at Land's End in the far southwest and end at the Isle of Wight. The English coastline is dotted with cliffs, bays, and river estuaries that add to the overall beauty of the landscape. 

England's weather is as varied as its topography. The average temperature in England, like other temperate maritime zones, is moderate, ranging from around 35 degrees Fahrenheit (2 degrees Celsius) in January to 72 degrees Fahrenheit (22 degrees Celsius) in July in the Thames river valley (32 degrees Celsius). Tacitus, the Roman historian, described it as "unpleasant" with "frequent rains and mists but no extreme cold." However, the higher elevations of England receive snow for roughly 50 days out of the year. In fact, the northwest and southwest of England are particularly "wet". These areas receive less than 30 inches (750 mm) of rain per year and are frequently subject to severe drought. Rainfall averages only 20 inches in parts of the southeast (500 mm). The weather has influenced English art and literature not only seasonally but also day-to-day and even hour-to-hour. The bumbershoot's moniker as the stereotypical English gentleman's walking stick is not accidental.

The Economy of England

In the 18th and 19th centuries, England's economy was primarily agricultural until the Industrial Revolution transformed it into a highly urbanized and industrialized region as a result of the Industrial Revolution. A result of the close proximity of coal and iron ore deposits, heavy industries (iron and steel, textiles, and shipbuilding) sprang up in the north-eastern counties, and they continue to thrive today. During the 1930s, the Great Depression and foreign competition both contributed to a decline in manufactured goods production and an increase in unemployment in the industrial north, which contributed to the Great Depression. Residents of these northern counties who were out of work were forced to relocate south to London and its environs. Because of urbanization and industrialization, the southeast has become dominated by industries such as automotive, chemical, electrical, and machine tool manufacturing. Despite the fact that population growth and urbanization significantly reduced farmland in England during the twentieth century, the geographical counties of Cornwall, Devon, Kent, Lincolnshire, Somerset, and North Yorkshire have retained a significant proportion of their agricultural land.

Another period of industrial decline occurred in the late twentieth century, during which coal mining was virtually phased out and job losses in industries such as iron and steel production, shipbuilding, and textile manufacturing were particularly severe. The decline of these industries had a disproportionately negative impact on the economies of the north and the Midlands, while the economies of the south remained relatively prosperous. By the turn of the twenty-first century, the service sector had taken over as the dominant sector of the English economy, with banking and other financial services, retail, distribution, media and entertainment, education, health care, and hotels and restaurants among the leading sectors.